Differential Diagnosis for Hematuria with Urinary Frequency

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): This is the most common cause of hematuria with urinary frequency, especially in women. Bacteria in the urinary tract can cause inflammation, leading to bleeding and symptoms like frequent urination.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Kidney Stones: Stones in the urinary tract can cause bleeding and irritation, leading to hematuria and urinary frequency. The stones can obstruct the flow of urine, causing pain and frequent urination.
• Bladder Cancer: Although less common, bladder cancer can cause hematuria and urinary frequency, especially in older adults or those with a history of smoking.
• Prostatitis: In men, prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland) can cause hematuria and urinary frequency due to the proximity of the prostate to the urinary tract.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Trauma: Traumatic injury to the urinary tract can cause hematuria and should be considered, especially if there's a history of recent injury or accident.
• Sickle Cell Disease: In patients with sickle cell disease, sickling of red blood cells can cause damage to the kidneys, leading to hematuria.
• Bleeding Disorders: Conditions like hemophilia or von Willebrand disease can increase the risk of bleeding, including in the urinary tract.

Rare Diagnoses

• Goodpasture Syndrome: A rare autoimmune disease that can cause hematuria due to antibodies attacking the kidneys and lungs.
• Alport Syndrome: A genetic disorder affecting the type IV collagen in the kidneys, leading to hematuria and progressive kidney disease.
• Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM): A rare vascular anomaly that can cause bleeding in the urinary tract, leading to hematuria.