Differential Diagnosis for Submandibular Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Submandibular sialadenitis: This is an inflammation of the submandibular gland, often caused by bacterial infection, which can lead to swelling in the submandibular area. It's a common condition that can be acute or chronic and is frequently associated with pain, especially during meals.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Submandibular gland stones (sialolithiasis): Stones in the submandibular gland can cause obstruction and subsequent swelling. This condition is known for causing recurrent episodes of pain and swelling, particularly during meals.
- Dental infections: Infections originating from the teeth, especially the lower molars, can spread to the submandibular space and cause swelling.
- Lymphadenitis: Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the submandibular area can be due to various causes, including infections, and can present as swelling.
- Submandibular gland tumors: Both benign (like pleomorphic adenomas) and malignant tumors can cause swelling in the submandibular area, though they are less common than inflammatory conditions.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Ludwig's angina: A severe infection of the submandibular space that can cause significant swelling, pain, and potentially life-threatening airway obstruction. It requires immediate medical attention.
- Submandibular abscess: A collection of pus in the submandibular space, which can be a complication of untreated infections and requires prompt drainage.
- Malignant lymphoma: Though rare, lymphomas can present with lymphadenopathy in the submandibular area and are critical to diagnose early for effective treatment.
Rare Diagnoses
- Ranula: A type of mucocele (mucous cyst) that occurs in the floor of the mouth and can extend into the submandibular space, causing swelling.
- Branchial cleft cysts: Congenital anomalies that can present as swellings in the neck, including the submandibular area.
- Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation of the salivary glands, including the submandibular gland, leading to swelling and dry mouth.
- Kimura disease: A rare, chronic inflammatory disorder that can cause lymphadenopathy and swelling in the submandibular area, often associated with eosinophilia.