Differential Diagnosis for Swelling and Pain in the Left Teste

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Epididymitis: This is an inflammation of the epididymis, a tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. It is often caused by a bacterial infection and can cause swelling and pain in the testicle. The symptoms can develop gradually or suddenly.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Orchitis: Inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by bacterial or viral infections. It can cause pain, swelling, and tenderness in the testicle.
• Testicular Torsion: A condition where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. It is a medical emergency that causes sudden, severe pain and swelling.
• Hydrocele: A condition where fluid accumulates in the scrotum, causing swelling. It can be caused by injury, infection, or inflammation.
• Varicocele: An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. It can cause swelling, pain, and a feeling of heaviness in the testicle.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Testicular Cancer: Although less common, testicular cancer can cause swelling, pain, or a lump in the testicle. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
• Appendicitis (if the pain radiates): In some cases, appendicitis can cause referred pain to the testicle. It is essential to consider this diagnosis, especially if the pain is severe and accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or fever.
• Inguinal Hernia: A hernia can cause swelling and pain in the groin area, which may radiate to the testicle.

Rare Diagnoses

• Spermatocele: A cystic structure that forms on the epididymis and can cause swelling and pain.
• Cystic dysplasia of the testis: A rare congenital condition where cysts form within the testicle, leading to swelling and pain.
• Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP): A rare condition that can cause inflammation and swelling in various parts of the body, including the testicles.

Each diagnosis has a unique set of symptoms and treatment options. Accurate diagnosis by a healthcare professional is essential for proper treatment and to prevent complications.