From the Guidelines
For evaluating scoliosis with musculoskeletal pain possibly secondary to thoracic dextroscoliosis, an MRI of the thoracic spine, either with and without IV contrast or without IV contrast, is usually appropriate. This recommendation is based on the most recent guidelines from the American College of Radiology, as outlined in the study by Shah et al 1. The use of MRI without contrast is typically sufficient for evaluating structural deformities like scoliosis, as it provides excellent visualization of the spinal curvature, vertebral alignment, disc spaces, spinal cord, and surrounding soft tissues without exposing the patient to the risks associated with contrast agents.
However, the decision to use contrast or not should be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the individual patient's symptoms and medical history. For example, if there is suspicion of infection, tumor, or post-surgical complications, the use of contrast may be necessary to provide more detailed information about the extent of the disease process, as discussed in the study on suspected spine infection 2.
In terms of the specific protocol for the MRI, it should include both sagittal and axial views, and may benefit from coronal reconstructions to fully assess the three-dimensional nature of the scoliotic curve. Prior to the MRI, standing full-spine radiographs (X-rays) are usually obtained first to measure the Cobb angle and assess the severity of the curvature. If the patient has any contraindications to MRI, such as certain implanted devices or severe claustrophobia, a CT scan might be considered as an alternative, though it provides less detail about soft tissues and involves radiation exposure.
The key consideration in choosing the appropriate imaging modality is to prioritize the patient's safety and obtain the most accurate diagnosis, while also considering the potential risks and benefits of each imaging option. In this case, the use of MRI, with or without contrast, is generally the preferred choice for evaluating scoliosis with musculoskeletal pain, due to its high sensitivity and specificity for detecting spinal abnormalities, as well as its ability to provide detailed information about the spinal cord and surrounding soft tissues 1, 2.
From the Research
Diagnostic Imaging for Scoliosis
- The diagnostic evaluation for scoliosis includes static and dynamic imaging, as stated in the study 3.
- MRI is a suitable imaging modality for diagnosing scoliosis, but the provided studies do not specifically mention the use of MRI with or without contrast for diagnosing scoliosis in patients with musculoskeletal pain secondary to thoracic dextroscoliosis.
- However, the study 3 mentions that myelo-CT is used as a diagnostic tool, which suggests that advanced imaging techniques are utilized to evaluate scoliosis.
Treatment and Management of Scoliosis
- The treatment for scoliosis is tailored to the specific symptomatology of the patient, as mentioned in the study 3.
- Surgical management consists of decompression, correction, stabilization, and fusion procedures, or a combination of these, as stated in the study 3.
- Physical therapy and bracing are also used to treat scoliosis, as reported in the studies 4 and 5.
- The study 6 presents a case series of patients with scoliosis treated with spinal manipulation and a patented external head and body weighting system, showing improvement in symptoms and daily function.
Imaging Modalities for Scoliosis
- The provided studies do not specifically discuss the use of MRI with or without contrast for diagnosing scoliosis in patients with musculoskeletal pain secondary to thoracic dextroscoliosis.
- However, the study 7 mentions the use of radiographic findings and clinical results to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment for adult idiopathic scoliosis.
- The study 3 mentions the use of static and dynamic imaging, as well as myelo-CT, as diagnostic tools for scoliosis.