Differential Diagnosis for Rashes on Children with Severe Itching
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): This is the most common cause of severe itching in children, characterized by dry, scaly, and inflamed skin. It often starts in infancy and can persist into adulthood.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Scabies: A highly contagious skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, leading to intense itching, especially at night, and a pimple-like rash.
- Insect Bites: Reactions to mosquito, flea, or bed bug bites can cause itchy rashes in children.
- Contact Dermatitis: An allergic reaction or irritation from substances like soaps, detergents, or plants, leading to itchy, red, and blistered skin.
- Impetigo: A bacterial skin infection that can cause itchy, red sores, often on the face.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Kawasaki Disease: Although rare, this condition can present with a rash and severe itching, along with fever, and if missed, can lead to serious cardiac complications.
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A severe skin and mucous membrane disorder, usually a reaction to medication or infection, which can be life-threatening if not promptly recognized and treated.
Rare Diagnoses
- Pityriasis Lichenoides: A rare skin condition characterized by small, itchy bumps that can resemble eczema or psoriasis.
- Lichen Striatus: A rare, self-limiting condition that causes a linear, itchy rash, typically on the arms or legs.
- Bullous Pemphigoid: An autoimmune skin disease that can cause large, itchy blisters, more common in adults but can occur in children.