Differential Diagnosis for Bright Red Blood in the Stool
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Hemorrhoids: This is often the most common cause of bright red blood in the stool, especially if the blood is seen on the toilet paper or dripping into the toilet bowl. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of the rectum or anus, which can bleed due to increased pressure.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Diverticulosis: A condition where small, bulging pouches (diverticula) develop in the digestive tract, most commonly in the colon. These pouches can bleed, leading to bright red blood in the stool.
- Anal Fissure: A small tear in the lining of the anus, which can cause pain and bleeding during bowel movements.
- Colon Polyps: Growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum, which can bleed and cause bright red blood in the stool.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation and bleeding in the digestive tract, leading to bright red blood in the stool.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Colon Cancer: Although less common, colon cancer can cause bright red blood in the stool, especially if the tumor is located in the distal colon or rectum. It's crucial to rule out cancer due to its severe implications.
- Gastrointestinal Angiodysplasia: A condition characterized by abnormal blood vessels in the gastrointestinal tract, which can cause bleeding. This condition is more common in older adults and can be life-threatening if not addressed.
- Infectious Colitis: Certain infections, such as those caused by Salmonella, Shigella, or Campylobacter, can lead to inflammation and bleeding in the colon, resulting in bright red blood in the stool.
Rare Diagnoses
- Meckel's Diverticulum: A rare congenital anomaly where a small pouch protrudes from the wall of the intestine, which can bleed and cause bright red blood in the stool.
- Intussusception: A condition where a part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part, potentially causing bleeding and bright red blood in the stool. This is more common in children but can occur in adults.
- Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM): An abnormal connection between arteries and veins, which can occur in the gastrointestinal tract and cause bleeding. AVMs are rare and can be life-threatening if they rupture.