What are the benefits of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) supplementation?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: March 5, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Guidelines

NAD+ supplementation has been shown to have potential benefits in improving energy metabolism, supporting cellular repair mechanisms, and potentially slowing aspects of aging, as evidenced by the most recent study in 2022 1. The primary benefits of NAD+ supplementation include:

  • Improved energy metabolism, as NAD+ plays a crucial role in converting food into cellular energy
  • Support for cellular repair mechanisms, potentially slowing aspects of aging
  • Improvement in mitochondrial function, enhancement of cognitive performance, and support for cardiovascular health Common forms of NAD+ supplements include nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), typically taken in doses ranging from 250-1000mg daily. While generally considered safe, side effects can include flushing, nausea, and fatigue, as noted in the 2022 study 1. The benefits of NAD+ supplementation work through its role as a coenzyme in hundreds of metabolic reactions and its activation of sirtuins, proteins involved in cellular health and longevity, as described in the 2018 study 1. However, it's essential to note that while promising, many benefits remain theoretical with limited human clinical evidence, and these supplements should be discussed with a healthcare provider before starting, as recommended in the 2022 guideline 1. Key considerations for NAD+ supplementation include:
  • The importance of maintaining cellular NAD+ concentrations to prevent SIRT2-mediated apoptosis, as highlighted in the 2018 study 1
  • The potential for NAD+ supplementation to support neuromuscular function and prevent age-related sarcopenia, as suggested in the 2018 study 1
  • The need for further research to fully understand the benefits and risks of NAD+ supplementation in humans, as noted in the 2022 study 1.

From the Research

Benefits of NAD Supplementation

The benefits of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) supplementation include:

  • Increase in general quality of life and improvement in health parameters, such as a decrease in anxiety, maximum heart rate, and inflammatory cytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid 2
  • Improvement in muscle insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling 2
  • Enhancement of skeletal muscle activity 3
  • Potential treatment of psoriasis 3
  • Increase in NAD+ concentration in whole blood, associated with an increase in SIRT1 and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma 4
  • Shift in the glycosylation profile of immunoglobulin G (IgG) toward a younger biological age, promoting a healthier ageing trajectory 4

Potential Therapeutic Applications

NAD supplementation may have potential therapeutic applications in:

  • Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) 2
  • Parkinson's disease 2
  • Overweight and postmenopausal prediabetes 2
  • Alzheimer's disease 2
  • Age-related conditions, such as skin and metabolic disorders 3
  • Cardiometabolic disease risk factors, such as overweight and obesity 5

Safety and Tolerability

NAD supplementation is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, with common side effects including:

  • Muscle pain 2
  • Nervous disorders 2
  • Fatigue 2
  • Sleep disturbance 2
  • Headaches 2 However, further research is needed to fully understand the safety and efficacy of NAD supplementation in various populations and disease states 2, 3, 5

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions: a systematic review.

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2024

Research

Clinical Evidence for Targeting NAD Therapeutically.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2020

Research

Dietary Supplementation With NAD+-Boosting Compounds in Humans: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2023

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.