Dry eye syndrome: This is a common condition that can cause pain or discomfort with extraocular movements due to the lack of sufficient lubrication on the surface of the eye.

Conjunctivitis: Inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva can lead to pain during eye movements.
Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelids can cause pain, especially when moving the eyes.
Orbital myositis: Inflammation of the muscles surrounding the eye can lead to pain with eye movements.
Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses, especially the ethmoid sinuses, can cause referred pain to the eyes, worsening with eye movements.

Giant Cell Arteritis: Although less common, this condition can lead to severe complications, including vision loss, if not promptly treated. It often presents with headache, jaw claudication, and visual disturbances.
Temporal Arteritis: Similar to giant cell arteritis, this condition requires urgent attention to prevent serious complications, including blindness.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis: A rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can cause pain with eye movements, along with other neurological symptoms.
Orbital cellulitis: A serious infection of the tissues surrounding the eye that can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly.

Thyroid ophthalmopathy: Although not typically the first consideration, this condition can cause pain with eye movements due to the inflammation and swelling of the tissues around the eye.
Sarcoidosis: A systemic disease that can affect the eyes and cause pain with movement, among other symptoms.
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: A rare condition characterized by inflammation of the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure, leading to pain with eye movements and other neurological symptoms.
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease: A group of conditions that can cause inflammation of the orbit without a known cause, leading to pain and other symptoms.