Differential Diagnosis for Diffuse Papular Rash in Pediatrics
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Viral exanthem (e.g., roseola, measles, or enterovirus): This is the most common cause of a diffuse papular rash in children, often accompanied by fever and other systemic symptoms.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Atopic dermatitis (eczema): A chronic condition characterized by itchy, inflamed skin, which can present as a diffuse papular rash, especially in children with a history of allergies or asthma.
- Contact dermatitis: An allergic reaction or irritation caused by substances like soaps, detergents, or plants, leading to a papular rash.
- Insect bite reactions: Reactions to mosquito, flea, or bed bug bites can cause a diffuse papular rash, especially in children who spend time outdoors.
- Tinea corporis (ringworm): A fungal infection that can cause a papular rash with a characteristic ring-like appearance.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Meningococcemia: A life-threatening infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, which can present with a petechial or purpuric rash, but may initially appear as a diffuse papular rash.
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever: A tick-borne illness that can cause a rash, fever, and other systemic symptoms, with a high mortality rate if left untreated.
- Kawasaki disease: An acute febrile illness that can cause a rash, fever, and other symptoms, with potential for cardiac complications if not recognized and treated promptly.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): A chronic autoimmune condition that can cause a rash, fever, and joint inflammation, although the rash is not typically the primary symptom.
- Sarcoidosis: A rare condition characterized by granulomatous inflammation, which can cause a skin rash, among other symptoms.
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A rare disorder that can cause a rash, among other symptoms, due to an abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells.