From the Guidelines
There is no single lab test specifically indicated for the diagnosis of nausea and headache, as these symptoms can be caused by many different conditions, and the diagnosis is primarily based on a thorough medical history and physical examination, as suggested by the most recent guidelines 1. When evaluating these symptoms, doctors typically order tests based on the suspected underlying cause.
- Common lab tests might include a complete blood count (CBC) to check for infection or anemia,
- basic metabolic panel to assess kidney function and electrolyte levels,
- liver function tests if liver disease is suspected, and
- thyroid function tests since thyroid disorders can cause both symptoms. If neurological causes are suspected, imaging studies like CT scans or MRIs of the brain might be ordered rather than blood tests, as recommended by the American Academy of Neurology 2. For severe, sudden headaches, a lumbar puncture might be performed to rule out meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The specific tests ordered will depend on other accompanying symptoms, the patient's medical history, and the clinical presentation, and it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider who can evaluate the specific situation and order appropriate testing based on the most likely causes of these symptoms in each individual case. In general, the U.S. Headache Consortium guidelines do not recommend neuroimaging if the patient is not at higher risk of a significant abnormality than the general population or if the results of the study would not change the management of the headache, as outlined in the study 2.
From the Research
Diagnostic Tests for Nausea and Headache
The diagnosis of nausea and headache involves a combination of physical examinations, medical history, and laboratory tests.
- The following lab tests are indicated for diagnosis: + Neuroimaging (e.g., MRI or CT scans) to rule out secondary causes of headache, such as intracranial hemorrhage or tumors 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 + Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination to diagnose subarachnoid bleeding, infection, or high and low CSF pressure syndromes 3, 5 + Blood tests to screen for secondary causes of headache, such as infection or cancer 3, 5, 6 ### Indications for Diagnostic Testing Diagnostic testing is indicated in certain situations, including:
- Recent head or neck injury 3, 5, 7
- New, worse, worsening, or abrupt onset headache 3, 5, 6, 7
- Headache brought on by Valsalva maneuver or cough 3, 5
- Headache associated with sexual activity 3
- Pregnancy 3
- Headache in patients over the age of 50 3, 5, 6
- Neurologic findings and/or symptoms 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
- Systemic signs and/or symptoms 3, 5, 6
- Secondary risk factors, such as cancer or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection 3, 5, 6