Differential Diagnosis for Testicle Lump

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Epididymitis: This is an inflammation of the epididymis, a tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. It's often caused by a bacterial infection and can present with a lump, pain, and swelling.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Hydrocele: A condition where fluid accumulates in the scrotum, causing swelling and a lump. It's usually painless and can be caused by injury, infection, or inflammation.
  • Varicocele: An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. It can cause a lump or swelling and is often associated with low sperm count or infertility.
  • Spermatocele: A benign cystic mass that forms on the epididymis, filled with sperm. It's usually painless and can cause a lump.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
  • Testicular Cancer: Although less common, testicular cancer can present as a lump or swelling in the testicle. It's crucial to diagnose early, as it can be highly treatable if caught in the early stages.
  • Testicular Torsion: A medical emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood supply to the testicle. It's extremely painful and requires immediate attention to save the testicle.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Orchitis: Inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by bacterial or viral infections. It can cause pain, swelling, and a lump.
  • Cystic dysplasia of the testis: A rare congenital condition where cysts form within the testicle, causing a lump or swelling.
  • Adrenal rest tumors: Rare, benign tumors that can develop in the testicles, often associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. They can cause a lump or swelling.