Differential Diagnosis for Burn Wound Infection

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Staphylococcus aureus: This bacterium is commonly found on the skin and is a frequent cause of infections in burn wounds, especially in the initial stages after the injury. The presence of erythema, edema, and purulent discharge supports this diagnosis, as these are typical signs of a bacterial infection.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae: While less common than Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae can also cause infections in burn wounds, particularly if the wound becomes contaminated.
  • Clostridium tetani: Although tetanus is a concern in burn patients, especially if the wound is deep or contaminated with dirt, the presence of purulent discharge and erythema is more suggestive of a bacterial infection like Staphylococcus aureus. However, tetanus should be considered, especially if the patient's tetanus vaccination status is unknown or not up to date.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
  • Clostridium tetani: As mentioned, tetanus is a critical consideration in burn patients due to the potential for severe and life-threatening complications if not promptly treated.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Bacteroides fragilis: This anaerobic bacterium can be found in burn wounds, especially if the wound is deep or becomes contaminated with fecal matter. However, it is less likely to be the primary cause of infection in this scenario.
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum: Another anaerobic bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, can be involved in burn wound infections, but it is less common and typically seen in more complex or deep wounds.