Differential Diagnosis for Lateral Neck Appendage in a Newborn
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Branchial cleft cyst: This is the most common congenital anomaly that presents as a lateral neck mass or appendage in newborns. It occurs due to the abnormal development of the branchial clefts during embryogenesis.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Thyroglossal duct cyst: Although more commonly midline, a thyroglossal duct cyst can occasionally present off midline and could be considered in the differential for a lateral neck appendage.
- Cervical lymphadenopathy: Infection or inflammation can cause lymph nodes in the neck to become enlarged, potentially presenting as a lateral neck mass.
- Dermoid cyst: These are congenital cysts that can occur in various locations, including the neck, and could be considered in the differential.
- Do Not Miss diagnoses
- Teratoma: Although rare, teratomas can present as a neck mass and have the potential for malignancy, making them crucial not to miss.
- Neuroblastoma: This is a malignant tumor that can present as a neck mass in newborns. Early detection is critical for treatment and prognosis.
- Cystic hygroma: A congenital malformation of the lymphatic system that can present as a soft, cystic mass in the neck, often associated with Turner syndrome or other genetic conditions.
- Rare diagnoses
- Branchial cleft sinus or fistula: These are less common than branchial cleft cysts but can also present as a lateral neck anomaly.
- Ectopic thyroid tissue: Rarely, thyroid tissue can be found in abnormal locations, including the lateral neck, though this is more commonly associated with midline neck masses.
- Lymphatic malformations (other than cystic hygroma): These can include lymphangiomas or other rare lymphatic anomalies that present as a neck mass.