Differential Diagnosis for Tongue Swelling Causing Airway Obstruction
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Angioedema: This condition is characterized by the rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. It can be caused by allergic reactions, but also by non-allergic factors such as ACE inhibitor use. The spontaneous resolution within 30 minutes is consistent with angioedema, especially if it was an isolated episode.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Allergic Reaction: An allergic reaction could cause swelling of the tongue, leading to airway obstruction. The fact that it resolved spontaneously suggests a mild to moderate reaction.
- Insect Bite or Sting: Certain insect bites or stings can cause localized swelling, including the tongue, which could potentially obstruct the airway if severe enough.
- Food-Induced Allergy: Similar to other allergic reactions, a food-induced allergy could cause tongue swelling. However, the resolution within 30 minutes might suggest a less severe reaction.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Anaphylaxis: Although the episode resolved spontaneously, anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate recognition and treatment. Any airway compromise, even if transient, should prompt consideration of anaphylaxis.
- Epiglottitis: This is an inflammation of the epiglottis that can cause airway obstruction. While it typically presents with more severe symptoms and does not resolve spontaneously, it's crucial to consider due to its potential for fatal outcomes if not promptly treated.
Rare Diagnoses
- Hereditary Angioedema: A genetic disorder that leads to recurrent episodes of severe angioedema. The fact that the episode resolved within 30 minutes could still be consistent with this condition, especially if it was a mild episode.
- Tongue Hematoma: Bleeding into the tissues of the tongue could cause swelling. This might be due to trauma, a bleeding disorder, or anticoagulant use. It's less likely given the spontaneous resolution but should be considered, especially if there's a history of trauma or bleeding disorders.
- Oral Cavity Tumors: Although extremely rare and unlikely to cause acute airway obstruction that resolves spontaneously, tumors in the oral cavity could potentially cause swelling of the tongue.