From the Research
Rosacea is not definitively classified as an autoimmune disease, though it does have some immune system involvement, as suggested by the most recent study in 2024 1. Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition primarily affecting the face, characterized by redness, visible blood vessels, bumps, and sometimes eye irritation. While the exact cause remains unclear, it involves a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, abnormal blood vessel function, and inflammatory responses. Some research suggests immune system dysregulation plays a role, with increased levels of certain inflammatory molecules and abnormal responses to microorganisms like Demodex mites and bacteria. However, unlike true autoimmune diseases where the immune system directly attacks the body's own tissues, rosacea lacks the specific autoantibodies or clear self-directed immune responses that define autoimmune conditions.
Key points to consider in the management of rosacea include:
- Treatment typically includes topical medications (metronidazole, azelaic acid, ivermectin), oral antibiotics (doxycycline, minocycline), and in some cases isotretinoin for severe cases, as supported by studies such as 2 and 3.
- Laser therapy can help reduce visible blood vessels.
- Patients should identify and avoid personal triggers such as spicy foods, alcohol, extreme temperatures, and sun exposure, while using gentle skincare products and daily broad-spectrum sunscreen. The most recent and highest quality study, published in 2024 1, highlights the importance of understanding the underlying pathogenesis of rosacea to develop novel targeted therapeutic strategies, which may include targeting immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation. Additionally, a 2023 study 3 discusses current concepts of rosacea pathogenesis and potential future targets for treatment, including the use of JAK/STAT inhibitors and TLR antagonists. Overall, while rosacea is not an autoimmune disease, its complex pathophysiology involves immune system dysregulation, and treatment should focus on managing symptoms and preventing exacerbations.