From the Research
Introduction to Skin Layers
The skin is composed of several layers, with the two main layers being the epidermis and dermis [ 1 ]. The epidermis is further divided into four sublayers: the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum [ 2 ].
Conditions Affecting the Skin Layers
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a condition that affects the epidermis, particularly the stratum corneum [ 3 ]. The depletion of lipids in the stratum corneum is associated with psoriasis, leading to a perturbation of the skin's barrier function [ 3 ].
Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is another condition that affects the skin's barrier function, particularly in the stratum corneum [ 4 ]. The condition is characterized by changes in the lipid composition and organization of the stratum corneum, leading to impaired skin barrier function [ 4 ].
Decubitus Ulcers
Decubitus ulcers, also known as pressure ulcers, affect the dermis and epidermis [ 1 ]. The condition is caused by prolonged pressure on the skin, leading to damage to the skin and underlying tissues.
Treatment and Management
Topical Therapies
Topical therapies, such as moisturizers and creams, can help to repair and restore the skin's barrier function in conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis [ 3 , 4 ].
Systemic Therapies
Systemic therapies, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, may be necessary for more severe cases of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis [ 3 , 4 ].
Wound Care
Wound care is essential for the management of decubitus ulcers, including debridement, dressing, and pressure redistribution [ 1 ].
Caveats and Considerations
Age-Related Changes
Age-related changes, such as thinning of the epidermis and dermis, can affect the skin's barrier function and increase the risk of skin infections and cancer [ 5 ].
Individual Variability
Individual variability in skin structure and function can affect the response to treatment and the risk of skin conditions [ 2 ].