Differential Diagnosis for Fungal Face Skin Infection in a Child
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Tinea faciei: This is a common fungal infection of the face, caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, or Epidermophyton. It presents with annular, erythematous, and scaly lesions.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Impetigo: A bacterial infection of the skin, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, which can present similarly to fungal infections with erythematous and crusted lesions.
- Eczema (atopic dermatitis): A chronic skin condition characterized by itchy, inflamed skin, which can sometimes be confused with fungal infections due to its appearance and distribution.
- Seborrheic dermatitis: An inflammatory skin condition causing scaly patches, red skin, and stubborn dandruff, often affecting oily areas of the body like the face.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Cellulitis: A bacterial skin infection that can spread rapidly and cause serious complications if not treated promptly. While less common in the differential for a fungal face skin infection, its potential severity warrants consideration.
- Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease): Caused by Parvovirus B19, it can present with a distinctive "slapped-cheek" appearance and should be considered, especially if accompanied by systemic symptoms.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Histoplasmosis: A fungal infection caused by inhaling the spores of a fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum, which can rarely cause skin lesions, including on the face.
- Sporotrichosis: A fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, typically acquired through skin prick or cut, which can cause lesions that may appear on the face, though this is less common.
- Phaeohyphomycosis: A rare fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, which can cause skin lesions among other manifestations, and is important to consider in immunocompromised patients or those with exposure history.