From the Guidelines
Hyperthermia is a life-threatening condition characterized by a rapid increase in core temperature to more than 40°C, leading to widespread, multiple organ tissue injury and potentially resulting in mortality or neurologic morbidity. This condition can occur due to various factors, including heatstroke, malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or severe infection 1. Normal body temperature is around 98.6°F (37°C), and severe hyperthermia occurs at temperatures above 104°F (40°C).
Key Characteristics of Hyperthermia
- Rapid increase in core temperature to more than 40°C
- Widespread, multiple organ tissue injury
- Potential for mortality or neurologic morbidity
- Can occur due to heatstroke, malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or severe infection
Importance of Prompt Recognition and Treatment
Prompt recognition and treatment of hyperthermia are crucial to prevent mortality and neurologic morbidity 1. Laboratory studies have established that heat directly induces tissue injury, and the severity of tissue injury and cell death is a function of the degree and duration of hyperthermia 1. Clinical studies have shown that death from heatstroke mostly occurs soon after the onset of hyperthermia and associated cardiovascular failure 1.
Management of Hyperthermia
Immediate cooling measures should be initiated, including removing clothing, applying ice packs to groin and axillae, cold IV fluids, and evaporative cooling with water mist and fans. Antipyretics like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be administered, though they have limited effect in severe hyperthermia. The underlying cause must be identified and treated, and immediate medical attention in an emergency department is essential, as this represents a life-threatening condition requiring intensive care support.
From the Research
Definition of Hyperthermia
- Hyperthermia is a condition where the body's core temperature rises above normal levels, often due to abnormal metabolism and body functions 2.
- It is the opposite of hypothermia, where the body's core temperature drops below 35.0°C 2.
Comparison with Hypothermia
- While hypothermia can cause atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias, coagulopathy, cardiac, and central nervous system depression, hyperthermia can also have severe consequences 2.
- Both conditions require prompt treatment, with rewarming being the primary approach for hypothermia, and cooling being the primary approach for hyperthermia.