Chronic bladder outlet obstruction: This is often due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men, which can cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as hesitancy, weak stream, and nocturia. The obstruction leads to increased bladder muscle thickness and eventually can result in bladder dysfunction.

Neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury or disease: Conditions affecting the spinal cord, like spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, or spina bifida, can disrupt the normal communication between the brain and the bladder, leading to neurogenic bladder.
Detrusor overactivity: This condition, characterized by an overactive bladder muscle, can mimic symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction, such as urgency and frequency.
Bladder neck contracture: Scarring at the bladder neck can cause obstructive symptoms similar to BPH.

Cauda equina syndrome: A serious condition where the nerves in the spinal canal are compressed, leading to loss of bladder and bowel control, among other symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent permanent damage.
Spinal cord tumor: Tumors compressing the spinal cord can cause neurogenic bladder and other neurological deficits. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to preserve neurological function.
Multiple system atrophy: A rare neurodegenerative disorder that can cause autonomic dysfunction, including neurogenic bladder.

Bladder outlet obstruction due to bladder stones or tumors: Although less common, bladder stones or tumors can cause obstructive symptoms.
Fowler's syndrome: A rare condition characterized by urinary retention in young women, often associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Hinman syndrome: A rare condition where there is a non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder, often associated with urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux in children.