From the Research
The scapular plane is oriented approximately 30-45 degrees anterior to the frontal plane of the body, as supported by the most recent and highest quality study 1. This plane represents the natural resting position of the scapula (shoulder blade) against the thoracic wall and is often described as being halfway between the frontal and sagittal planes. When the arm is positioned in the scapular plane, it is slightly forward from directly out to the side, creating what's sometimes called the "empty can" position. This orientation is significant because it aligns the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint) in its most functional position, placing the rotator cuff muscles at optimal length-tension relationships. Understanding the scapular plane is important for proper shoulder rehabilitation exercises, clinical assessments, and surgical approaches, as movements in this plane tend to minimize impingement of soft tissues and allow for more natural shoulder mechanics.
Some key points to consider when evaluating the scapular plane include:
- The scapular plane is defined by the line connecting the inferior pole of the scapula, the medial border of the scapula at the level of the scapular spine, and a point midway between the posterolateral corner of the acromion and the tip of the coracoid, as described in 2.
- The angle of the scapular plane can vary depending on the individual and the specific movement being performed, as noted in 3 and 4.
- The scapular plane is an important consideration in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder injuries and conditions, such as rotator cuff tears and glenohumeral osteoarthritis, as discussed in 1 and 5.
Overall, the scapular plane plays a critical role in shoulder function and movement, and understanding its orientation and significance is essential for providing effective treatment and rehabilitation for shoulder-related injuries and conditions.