Differential Diagnosis for Infection before Tympanic Membrane
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Otitis Media: This is the most common infection before the tympanic membrane, typically caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis, often following an upper respiratory tract infection.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Otitis Externa: An infection of the outer ear canal, which can be caused by bacteria (most commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus) or fungi, often related to water exposure or trauma to the ear canal.
- Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: While not an infection per se, dysfunction of the Eustachian tube can lead to middle ear problems, including infections, by failing to properly ventilate the middle ear.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Meningitis: Although rare, meningitis can be a complication of otitis media, especially if the infection spreads beyond the middle ear. It is crucial to recognize and treat promptly due to its high mortality rate if left untreated.
- Mastoiditis: An infection of the mastoid bone, located behind the ear, which can be a complication of untreated or inadequately treated otitis media. It requires urgent medical attention to prevent serious complications.
- Rare diagnoses
- Petrositis: Inflammation of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, which can be a complication of otitis media. It is rare but serious, requiring aggressive treatment.
- Labyrinthitis: An inner ear infection that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. It is less common than otitis media or externa but can have significant implications for hearing and balance.