Differential Diagnosis for Infections of the Skin and Gums
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Impetigo: A highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, which can also affect the gums and oral mucosa. It's common in children and can spread through direct contact.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Gingivitis: An inflammation of the gums (gingiva) that can be caused by poor oral hygiene, leading to bacterial infection. It's a common condition that can be associated with skin infections if the bacteria spread.
- Cellulitis: A bacterial skin infection that can spread to the gums and other parts of the body. It's characterized by redness, swelling, and warmth of the skin.
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection: Can cause oral and genital herpes, leading to skin and gum lesions. HSV-1 is commonly associated with oral herpes.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Leprosy (Hansen's Disease): A chronic bacterial infection that primarily affects the skin and nerves but can also involve the gums and oral mucosa. It's rare in many parts of the world but can have severe consequences if not treated.
- Syphilis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum, which can cause skin and gum lesions in its various stages. Missing this diagnosis can lead to severe health consequences, including neurological and cardiovascular issues.
- Actinomycosis: A rare bacterial infection that can affect the skin, mouth, and other parts of the body, often causing abscesses and lesions. It can mimic other conditions and requires specific treatment.
Rare Diagnoses
- Necrotizing Fasciitis: A severe bacterial infection that destroys tissue under the skin, including fat and the tissue covering the muscles (fascia). It's rare but can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.
- Ecthyma Gangrenosum: A rare skin condition associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, characterized by hemorrhagic pustules that can progress to gangrene. It's often seen in immunocompromised patients.
- Mucormycosis: A rare but serious fungal infection that can affect the skin and gums, especially in immunocompromised individuals. It requires prompt treatment to prevent severe outcomes.