Urinary Retention due to Pelvic Organ Prolapse: This condition is common in women, especially after childbirth, and can cause incomplete emptying of the bladder due to the prolapsed organ obstructing the urethra.

Overactive Bladder: Symptoms can include urinary urgency, frequency, and incomplete emptying due to the bladder muscle contracting too often.
Stress Urinary Incontinence: While primarily associated with leakage, chronic stress on the pelvic floor can lead to issues with complete bladder emptying.
Neurogenic Bladder: Conditions affecting the nerves controlling the bladder, such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis, can lead to incomplete voiding.
Medication Side Effects: Certain medications, like anticholinergics, can affect bladder function and lead to incomplete voiding.

Urinary Retention due to Spinal Cord Injury or Disease: Conditions affecting the spinal cord, such as spinal stenosis or tumors, can lead to neurogenic bladder and incomplete voiding. Missing this diagnosis could lead to permanent damage.
Bladder Cancer: Though less common, bladder cancer can cause obstructive symptoms leading to incomplete voiding. Early detection is crucial for treatment outcomes.
Urethral Stricture: Narrowing of the urethra can cause significant obstruction and incomplete voiding, requiring prompt intervention to prevent complications.

Fowler’s Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by urinary retention in young women, often associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and idiopathic megaureter.
Bladder Sphincter Dyssynergia: A condition where the bladder and urethral sphincter do not coordinate properly, leading to incomplete voiding. It's more commonly seen in neurological disorders.
Prune Belly Syndrome: A rare congenital disorder affecting the urinary system, characterized by the absence of abdominal muscles, undescended testes, and urinary tract anomalies, which can lead to issues with urinary voiding.