Differential Diagnosis for an Acutely Swollen Testicle
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Epididymitis: This is the most common cause of an acutely swollen testicle, especially in sexually active young men. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, such as Chlamydia or Gonorrhea, and presents with pain, swelling, and tenderness of the epididymis.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Testicular Torsion: A medical emergency that occurs when the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. It presents with sudden, severe pain and swelling of the testicle.
- Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicle, usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. It can present with pain, swelling, and tenderness of the testicle.
- Hydrocele: A collection of fluid around the testicle, which can cause swelling and discomfort.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Testicular Tumor: Although rare, testicular cancer can present with a painless swelling of the testicle. It is essential to examine the testicle and consider ultrasound imaging to rule out a tumor.
- Trauma: A history of trauma to the testicle can cause swelling and pain, and it is crucial to assess for potential complications, such as a hematocele (blood collection around the testicle).
Rare Diagnoses
- Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP): A rare condition that can cause testicular swelling and pain, usually accompanied by a rash, joint pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Sarcoidosis: A rare autoimmune condition that can cause testicular swelling and pain, usually accompanied by other systemic symptoms, such as lung disease and skin lesions.
- Filariasis: A parasitic infection that can cause testicular swelling and pain, usually in individuals who have traveled to or live in endemic areas.