What is the appropriate referral and treatment plan for a patient with a stage 3 sacral pressure injury?

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Last updated: August 12, 2025View editorial policy

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Template for Referral of a Stage 3 Sacral Pressure Injury

Surgical consultation is indicated for a stage 3 sacral pressure injury to achieve rapid and durable closure of the soft tissue defect, resulting in reduced pain, reduced risk of infection, and improved quality of life. 1, 2

Patient Information to Include in Referral

Clinical Assessment

  • Pressure Injury Classification: Stage 3 (full-thickness tissue loss exposing subcutaneous fat, without visible bone, muscle, or tendon)
  • Location: Sacral region
  • Wound Measurements: Length, width, and depth in centimeters
  • Wound Characteristics:
    • Presence of slough/necrotic tissue
    • Exudate amount and characteristics
    • Undermining or tunneling (measure and document direction)
    • Periwound skin condition
    • Signs of local infection (increased pain, erythema, edema, purulent drainage, malodor)

Current Management

  • Debridement methods used
  • Current dressing regimen
  • Pressure redistribution devices in use
  • Repositioning schedule
  • Nutritional interventions implemented

Patient Risk Factors and Comorbidities

  • Mobility status
  • Nutritional status (albumin, pre-albumin, hemoglobin levels)
  • Comorbidities (especially diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological conditions)
  • Incontinence status (urinary/fecal)
  • Current medications (especially immunosuppressants, anticoagulants)

Relevant Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies to Include

  • Recent wound cultures (if signs of infection present)
  • Complete blood count
  • Basic metabolic panel
  • Albumin and pre-albumin levels
  • Inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP)
  • Imaging studies (if performed):
    • MRI to assess for deep tissue involvement or osteomyelitis
    • X-ray if bone involvement suspected

Reason for Referral

Clearly state the reason for referral:

  • Evaluation for surgical debridement
  • Assessment for potential flap reconstruction
  • Consideration for advanced wound care interventions

Current Interventions Attempted

  • Document all previous wound care interventions
  • Response to current treatment
  • Duration of current treatment approach
  • Wound progression/deterioration despite conservative management

Special Considerations

  • Include any barriers to healing (e.g., nutritional deficiencies, inability to offload)
  • Note any previous surgical interventions for this wound
  • Document patient's goals of care and functional status

Urgency of Referral

  • Indicate if urgent evaluation is needed (e.g., signs of systemic infection, rapid deterioration)
  • Suggest timeframe for consultation based on wound severity

Provider Contact Information

  • Include your direct contact information for follow-up questions
  • Note availability for care coordination discussion

Additional Documentation to Include

  • Recent wound photographs (with measurement scale)
  • Wound assessment flow sheet showing progression over time
  • Nutritional assessment documentation
  • Pressure redistribution protocol in place

This comprehensive referral template addresses the multidisciplinary approach needed for stage 3 sacral pressure injuries, which represent 28.52% of pressure injuries requiring plastic surgery consultation 3. Research indicates that stage 3 pressure injuries often require surgical intervention when conservative management fails to show improvement 4, 5.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Management of Pressure Injuries

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Comprehensive Management of Pressure Injury: A Review.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America, 2022

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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