Postpartum Cardiomyopathy: This condition is a leading cause of dyspnea in the postpartum period, typically presenting within the first few months after delivery. It is characterized by left ventricular dysfunction and can occur in women without any prior history of heart disease.

Pulmonary Embolism: Although less common than postpartum cardiomyopathy, pulmonary embolism is a significant concern in the postpartum period due to increased coagulability and potential for deep vein thrombosis.
Anemia: Postpartum anemia, often resulting from blood loss during delivery, can lead to dyspnea due to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity.
Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation: Pre-existing respiratory conditions can worsen in the postpartum period, leading to dyspnea.

Amniotic Fluid Embolism: Although rare, this condition is highly lethal and can present with sudden onset of dyspnea, among other symptoms.
Peripartum Myocardial Infarction: Myocardial infarction can occur in the postpartum period, especially in women with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors, and is critical to diagnose promptly.
Pulmonary Hypertension: This condition can cause dyspnea and is particularly dangerous in the postpartum period, as it may not have been previously diagnosed.

Spontaneous Pneumothorax: While rare, spontaneous pneumothorax can occur in the postpartum period, especially in women with underlying lung disease.
Postpartum Thyrotoxicosis: Thyroid storm or thyrotoxicosis can present with dyspnea among other symptoms and, although rare, requires immediate attention.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): This is a rare but life-threatening condition that can be triggered by various factors, including infection or trauma, and presents with severe dyspnea.