L2-L3 Lumbar Radiculopathy: This condition is a common cause of anterior thigh pain due to the involvement of the femoral nerve, which is typically affected by lumbar disc herniation or foraminal stenosis at the L2-L3 level. The pain often radiates from the lower back down to the anterior thigh.

Lumbar Disc Herniation (L1-L2, L3-L4): Similar to L2-L3 radiculopathy, herniations at other lumbar levels can also cause anterior thigh pain, depending on the nerve roots involved.
Lumbar Spondylosis: Degenerative changes in the lumbar spine can lead to foraminal stenosis, causing nerve root compression and resulting in thigh pain.
Femoral Nerve Entrapment: Entrapment of the femoral nerve, either in the lumbar spine or as it passes through the psoas muscle, can cause anterior thigh pain.

Cauda Equina Syndrome: Although less common, this condition is a medical emergency. It involves compression of the cauda equina (the bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve roots) and can cause severe pain, numbness, and weakness in the lower limbs, including the thighs.
Spinal Infection (Abscess, Osteomyelitis): Infections in the spine can cause severe back pain that radiates to the thighs, along with systemic symptoms like fever and chills.
Spinal Tumor: Tumors in the lumbar spine can compress nerve roots, leading to pain in the thighs.

Diabetic Amyotrophy: A condition associated with diabetes that affects the nerves going to the muscles, leading to pain, weakness, and wasting, typically in the anterior thigh.
Piriformis Syndrome: Although more commonly associated with posterior thigh and leg pain, in rare cases, the piriformis muscle can compress the femoral nerve, leading to anterior thigh pain.
Intra-abdominal Pathology: Certain abdominal conditions, such as a psoas abscess or retroperitoneal hemorrhage, can refer pain to the anterior thigh due to the proximity of abdominal structures to the lumbar plexus.