Differential Diagnosis for Sore Throat, Fever, Joint Pain, and Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Viral Pharyngitis: This is the most common cause of sore throat and is often accompanied by fever. Joint pain and swelling can occur due to viral infections, making it a likely diagnosis given the combination of symptoms.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, this condition can lead to sore throat, fever, and sometimes joint pain if it progresses to conditions like acute rheumatic fever.
- Infectious Mononucleosis: Caused by Epstein-Barr virus, it can present with sore throat, fever, and joint pain, especially in younger individuals.
- Reactive Arthritis: This form of arthritis can occur after certain infections, including those causing sore throats, and is characterized by joint pain and swelling.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Lyme Disease: Although less common, Lyme disease can cause fever, joint pain, and swelling, along with a sore throat in some cases. It's crucial to consider this diagnosis, especially in endemic areas, due to its potential for serious complications if untreated.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: While not typically presenting with a sore throat as a primary symptom, rheumatoid arthritis can cause fever, joint pain, and swelling. Early diagnosis is critical for effective management.
- Endocarditis: In rare cases, especially in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions, a sore throat can be an early sign of endocarditis, an infection of the heart valves, which can also cause fever and joint pain.
Rare Diagnoses
- Kawasaki Disease: A rare condition that mainly affects children, characterized by fever, joint pain, and swelling, along with other specific criteria like rash and lymphadenopathy. A sore throat can be part of the presentation.
- Brucellosis: A zoonotic infection that can cause a wide range of symptoms including fever, joint pain, and swelling, and less commonly, sore throat. It's rare but important to consider in individuals with exposure to animals or contaminated animal products.
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): An autoimmune disease that can present with a variety of symptoms, including sore throat, fever, joint pain, and swelling. It's a diagnosis that requires careful consideration due to its complexity and the need for specific diagnostic criteria.