Musculoskeletal strain: This is the most common cause of cervical pain, often resulting from poor posture, muscle overuse, or acute injury. The justification for this diagnosis is based on the high prevalence of musculoskeletal issues in the general population and the frequent association of cervical pain with everyday activities or minor trauma.

Cervical spondylosis: A common condition characterized by wear and tear on the discs and joints in the neck, which can cause pain and stiffness. This diagnosis is likely due to the degenerative nature of the condition and its prevalence in older adults.
Herniated cervical disc: This occurs when the soft inner gel of the disc leaks out through a tear in the outer layer, potentially irritating nearby nerves and causing pain. The likelihood of this diagnosis is supported by the potential for disc herniation to cause significant pain and neurological symptoms.
Cervical radiculopathy: Involves compression or irritation of the nerves exiting the spinal canal, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in the neck and arms. This condition is a likely diagnosis due to its direct impact on nerve function and the resultant symptoms.

Cervical spine fracture: Although less common, fractures can occur due to trauma and require immediate medical attention to prevent further injury or neurological compromise. The importance of not missing this diagnosis lies in its potential for severe and long-lasting consequences if not promptly treated.
Spinal cord injury: Any injury that causes damage to the spinal cord, which can result in loss of sensation, strength, and function below the level of the injury. This is a critical diagnosis not to miss due to its potential for permanent disability.
Meningitis or abscess: Infections that can cause severe pain and have serious consequences if not treated promptly. The justification for including these conditions in the "do not miss" category is based on their potential for rapid progression and severe outcomes.

Cervical spine tumor: Although rare, tumors can cause cervical pain and neurological symptoms by compressing or invading the spinal cord or nerves. The rarity of this condition is balanced by the importance of early detection for effective treatment.
Inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis): These conditions can cause cervical pain and stiffness, along with other systemic symptoms. They are considered rare in the context of cervical pain but are important to diagnose due to their potential for significant morbidity if left untreated.
Vascular conditions (e.g., vertebral artery dissection): These are rare but potentially life-threatening causes of cervical pain that require immediate medical attention. The inclusion of vascular conditions in this category is justified by their severity and the need for prompt intervention.