Differential Diagnosis for Antibody Status

Given the results of the initial antibody detection test (screen), the following interpretations are possible:

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • D. The patient has one or more alloantibodies. This is the most likely interpretation if the initial screen is positive, as alloantibodies are a common finding in patients who have been exposed to non-self antigens, such as through blood transfusions or pregnancy.

• Other Likely Diagnoses

  • C. The patient has one or more autoantibodies. This is also a possible interpretation, as autoantibodies can be present in patients with autoimmune disorders or other conditions.
  • A. The patient has an autoantibody with one or more underlying alloantibodies. This is another possible interpretation, as some patients may have both autoantibodies and alloantibodies present.

• Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • B. No antibodies are present in the patient’s serum. Although this may not be the most likely diagnosis, it is crucial not to miss this possibility, as it may indicate a lack of immune response or other underlying conditions that require further investigation.
  • A. The patient has an autoantibody with one or more underlying alloantibodies. This diagnosis is also important not to miss, as the presence of both autoantibodies and alloantibodies can have significant implications for patient management and treatment.

• Rare Diagnoses

  • Complex antibody profiles: In some cases, patients may have complex antibody profiles that include multiple autoantibodies and alloantibodies, or other rare antibody specificities. While these cases are less common, they require careful evaluation and interpretation to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment.