Treatment for Iron Staining on Infant's Teeth
The most effective treatment for iron staining on an infant's teeth is simple mechanical removal of the stain by a pediatric dentist who can scrape the affected teeth. 1 This extrinsic staining is typically caused by excessive iron intake from iron-fortified formula and foods, and does not damage the teeth themselves.
Causes of Iron Staining
Iron staining on infant teeth appears as black or dark discoloration and occurs due to:
- Excessive consumption of iron-fortified formula 1
- Iron-fortified rice cereal, especially when used as a thickening agent for reflux 1
- Chemical interaction between hydrogen sulfide (produced by anaerobic bacteria) and iron in the saliva 2
- These stains are typically extrinsic (on the surface) rather than intrinsic (within the tooth structure)
Treatment Approach
Primary Treatment: Mechanical Removal
- Have a pediatric dentist scrape the affected teeth to remove the stain 1
- This is a simple, non-invasive procedure that can be performed in a single visit
Prevention of Recurrence
- Reduce excessive iron intake if identified as the cause 1
- Maintain appropriate iron supplementation based on the infant's needs
- Regular dental cleaning
Managing Iron Intake
While treating the stain is important, maintaining appropriate iron intake is crucial for preventing iron deficiency:
- For infants aged less than 12 months who are not exclusively breast-fed, use only iron-fortified infant formula 3
- For breast-fed infants who receive insufficient iron from supplementary foods by age 6 months, provide 1 mg/kg per day of iron drops 3
- For preterm or low-birthweight breast-fed infants, provide 2-4 mg/kg per day of iron drops 3
- Introduce iron-fortified cereals at 4-6 months of age 4
- Include vitamin C-rich foods with meals to enhance iron absorption 4
Important Considerations
- Iron staining is a mild cosmetic issue with no impact on tooth vitality or health 2
- Avoid excessive iron supplementation while ensuring adequate intake to prevent deficiency
- Regular dental check-ups are recommended once the first teeth erupt 5
- Limit cow's milk to no more than 24 oz daily after 12 months of age 4
When to Seek Professional Help
- When black staining appears on infant teeth
- If staining recurs after removal
- For assessment of the infant's iron intake and needs
Iron staining on infant teeth is primarily a cosmetic concern that can be easily addressed through mechanical removal by a dental professional. The key to preventing recurrence is balancing appropriate iron intake for the infant's developmental needs while avoiding excessive supplementation that may lead to staining.