Differential Diagnosis for Swollen and Itching Foreskin
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Balanitis: This is an inflammation of the glans penis and is the most common cause of a swollen and itching foreskin. It can be caused by poor hygiene, infections (bacterial, fungal, or viral), or allergic reactions.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Contact Dermatitis: An allergic reaction or irritation from soaps, condoms, or other products can cause itching and swelling of the foreskin.
- Phimosis: A condition where the foreskin cannot be fully retracted over the glans, which can lead to swelling and itching due to trapped moisture and bacteria.
- Yeast Infection (Candidiasis): A fungal infection that thrives in moist environments, such as under the foreskin, causing itching, redness, and swelling.
- Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Certain STIs like gonorrhea, chlamydia, or herpes can cause symptoms of itching and swelling in the genital area, including the foreskin.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Paraphimosis: A medical emergency where the foreskin is retracted behind the glans and cannot be returned to its original position, cutting off blood flow. It requires immediate attention to prevent serious complications.
- Necrotizing Fasciitis: A rare but life-threatening bacterial infection that can cause rapid progression of swelling, pain, and necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues.
Rare Diagnoses
- Lichen Sclerosus: A chronic skin condition that can cause thinning and tightening of the skin, leading to itching and swelling, particularly in the genital area.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A type of skin cancer that can present with itching, swelling, and changes in the skin of the foreskin, though it is very rare.
- Fixed Drug Eruption: A rare condition where certain medications cause skin lesions, including on the foreskin, which can be itchy and swollen.