Differential Diagnosis for Sore Throat
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Viral Pharyngitis: This is the most common cause of sore throat, often associated with other symptoms like cough, runny nose, and fever. It's usually self-limiting and caused by viruses such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, or adenovirus.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat): Caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, this condition presents with severe sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. It requires antibiotic treatment to prevent complications.
- Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils, which can be caused by either viral or bacterial infections. Symptoms include sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever.
- Influenza: Although primarily known for causing respiratory symptoms, influenza can also lead to a sore throat, especially in the initial stages of the illness.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Epiglottitis: A potentially life-threatening condition where the epiglottis becomes inflamed, which can lead to airway obstruction. Symptoms include severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and shortness of breath.
- Lemierre's Syndrome: A rare but serious condition characterized by a sore throat followed by neck pain and swelling, due to a bacterial infection that spreads to the jugular vein.
- Peritonsillar Abscess: A collection of pus behind the tonsils, which can cause severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever. If not treated promptly, it can lead to airway obstruction.
Rare Diagnoses
- Diphtheria: A bacterial infection that can cause a sore throat, along with a distinctive greyish membrane covering the tonsils and throat. It's rare in areas with high vaccination rates but can be deadly if not treated.
- Gonococcal Pharyngitis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which can lead to a sore throat. It's an important consideration in individuals with a history of unprotected sexual contact.
- Tuberculous Pharyngitis: A rare form of tuberculosis that affects the throat, causing a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and other systemic symptoms. It's more common in individuals with compromised immune systems or those from areas with high TB prevalence.