Differential Diagnosis for TSH <0.005, T4 3.31, T3 40
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Thyroid Storm: This condition is characterized by extremely high levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and a suppressed TSH level, which matches the provided lab values. The symptoms can include tachycardia, fever, vomiting, and even cardiac arrhythmias, making it a critical diagnosis to consider.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Graves' Disease: An autoimmune disorder that leads to hyperthyroidism, characterized by low TSH and elevated T3 and T4 levels. It's a common cause of hyperthyroidism and could explain the lab results.
- Toxic Multinodular Goiter: This condition involves an enlarged thyroid gland with multiple nodules that produce thyroid hormones independently of the normal feedback mechanism, leading to hyperthyroidism.
- Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland can cause the release of stored thyroid hormones into the bloodstream, resulting in transient hyperthyroidism and suppressed TSH.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Pituitary Adenoma (TSH-Producing): Although rare, a TSH-producing pituitary adenoma could lead to elevated T4 and T3 levels. However, the TSH level would typically be elevated or inappropriately normal, not suppressed. It's crucial to consider this diagnosis due to its implications for treatment and prognosis.
- Malignancy (Metastatic Disease to the Thyroid): Rarely, metastatic disease to the thyroid can produce functional thyroid tissue leading to hyperthyroidism. This diagnosis is critical due to its potential impact on treatment and survival.
Rare Diagnoses
- Struma Ovarii: A rare ovarian tumor that contains thyroid tissue, which can produce thyroid hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism.
- Familial Non-Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism: A rare genetic condition that affects the thyroid gland's ability to regulate hormone production, leading to hyperthyroidism.
- Iatrogenic Hyperthyroidism: Exogenous thyroid hormone ingestion, either intentionally or unintentionally, can lead to suppressed TSH and elevated T3 and T4 levels. This diagnosis is important to consider, especially in patients with access to thyroid hormone medications.