What is a pigtail catheter (percutaneous drainage catheter)?

From the Guidelines

A pigtail catheter is a type of small bore percutaneous drainage catheter.

Characteristics of Pigtail Catheters

• They are inserted using the Seldinger technique 1
• They are a type of small bore soft drain 1
• They should be inserted at the optimum site suggested by chest ultrasound 1
• They are preferred over large bore chest drains as they minimize patient discomfort and do not confer any disadvantage 1

Insertion of Pigtail Catheters

• They should be inserted by adequately trained personnel, such as respiratory pediatricians or interventional radiologists, to reduce the risk of complications 1
• A suitable assistant and trained nurse must be available during the procedure 1
• Ultrasound should be used to guide the insertion of the pigtail catheter 1

Key Points

• Pigtail catheters are a type of percutaneous drainage catheter that is preferred for its minimal invasiveness and reduced patient discomfort 1
• Proper training and supervision are essential for the safe insertion of pigtail catheters 1

From the Research

Definition and Purpose of a Pigtail Catheter

A pigtail catheter, also known as a percutaneous drainage catheter, is a type of catheter used for draining fluid or air from the body. The catheter has a curved tip, resembling a pigtail, which helps to prevent it from becoming dislodged once it is in place 2, 3.

Uses of a Pigtail Catheter

Pigtail catheters are used for various purposes, including:

• Draining pleural fluid or air from the lungs 2, 4
• Draining intra-abdominal abscesses or collections 5
• As a central venous catheter for administering medications or fluids 6
• For thoracostomy in pediatric patients 2

Characteristics and Benefits

Some key characteristics and benefits of pigtail catheters include:

• They are relatively easy to insert and can be placed at bedside using ultrasound guidance 4
• They are less invasive than traditional chest tubes or surgical procedures 4, 5
• They can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes 2, 3
• They are available in different sizes, including standard sizes (7-8.5 F) 4

Complications and Risks

While pigtail catheters are generally safe and effective, there are some potential complications and risks to be aware of, including:

• Hemothorax, pneumothorax, and hepatic perforation due to catheter placement 2
• Failure to drain, dislodgment, kinking, and loss of liquid ventilation fluid during catheter use 2
• Arrhythmias during insertion 6
• Perforation of the right atrium (although this is rare) 6