Differential Diagnosis for Red Worm in Urine

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Parasitic infection (e.g., Schistosomiasis): This is the most likely diagnosis due to the presence of a red worm in the urine, which is a common symptom of schistosomiasis, a parasitic infection caused by Schistosoma species.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Urinary tract infection (UTI) with hematuria: Although less likely, a UTI could cause blood in the urine, which might be mistaken for a red worm.
  • Nematode infection (e.g., Trichuris trichiura): Other nematode infections could potentially cause similar symptoms, although they are less common.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
  • Malignancy (e.g., bladder cancer): Although rare, it is essential to rule out malignancy, as it can be life-threatening if left untreated.
  • Severe urinary tract infection (e.g., pyelonephritis): A severe UTI could lead to sepsis, which is a life-threatening condition.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Angiosarcoma of the bladder: A rare and aggressive type of cancer that could cause hematuria.
  • Endometriosis of the urinary tract: A rare condition where endometrial tissue grows in the urinary tract, potentially causing bleeding and other symptoms.
  • Nephroptosis (floating kidney): A rare condition where the kidney is not properly fixed in place, potentially causing urinary symptoms.