Differential Diagnosis for Tongue Lesion

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Traumatic ulcer: This is often the most common cause of tongue lesions, resulting from accidental bites or other forms of trauma to the tongue.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Aphthous ulcers: These are small, painful ulcers that can appear on the tongue and are quite common.
  • Oral candidiasis (thrush): A fungal infection that can cause white patches on the tongue and other parts of the mouth.
  • Leukoplakia: A condition where thick, white patches or lesions appear on the tongue or the inside of the mouth, often linked to chronic irritation or tobacco use.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma: Although less common, this is a serious form of cancer that can present as a lesion on the tongue, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis.
  • Tuberculosis: Though rare, oral tuberculosis can manifest as ulcers or lesions on the tongue, making it crucial for consideration in differential diagnosis, especially in endemic areas or in individuals with compromised immune systems.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Erythema multiforme: A rare skin condition that can also affect the mucous membranes, including the tongue, causing lesions.
  • Pemphigus vulgaris: An autoimmune disease that can cause blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, including the tongue.
  • Syphilis (secondary stage): Can cause a variety of oral manifestations, including lesions on the tongue, though this is relatively rare in the context of modern medicine and widespread screening.