Common Side Effects of Adderall (Amphetamine and Dextroamphetamine)
The most common side effects of Adderall include cardiovascular effects (palpitations, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure), central nervous system effects (insomnia, restlessness, dizziness, headache), and gastrointestinal effects (dry mouth, decreased appetite, weight loss). 1
Cardiovascular Side Effects
- Increased blood pressure (average increase of 1.93 mmHg systolic and 1.84 mmHg diastolic) 2
- Elevated heart rate (average increase of 3.71 beats per minute) 2
- Palpitations and tachycardia 1
- In rare cases with prolonged use: cardiomyopathy 3
Central Nervous System Side Effects
- Insomnia and sleep disturbances 1
- Restlessness and agitation 1
- Dizziness and headache 1
- Anxiety and irritability 4
- Tremors 1
- Euphoria or dysphoria 1
- Exacerbation of tics and Tourette's syndrome 1
- In rare cases: psychotic episodes even at recommended doses 1
Gastrointestinal Side Effects
- Dry mouth and unpleasant taste 1
- Decreased appetite leading to weight loss 1, 5
- Stomach pain/discomfort 5
- Constipation or diarrhea 1
Other Side Effects
- Endocrine effects: changes in libido, impotence 1
- Allergic reactions: urticaria (hives) 1
- Increased sweating 4
Side Effect Management
For most common side effects:
- Dosage adjustments can help manage many side effects, particularly those related to overheating, appetite loss, and sleep disturbances 4
- Lowering the morning dose or changing the timing of administration may help with certain side effects 4
- For persistent side effects, alternative medications like atomoxetine, guanfacine XR, or clonidine XR may be considered 4
Monitoring Recommendations
- Regular monitoring of vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate) is essential 4
- Height and weight should be monitored, especially in children, due to potential growth effects 4
- Follow-up within 2-4 weeks after starting medication or making dosage adjustments 4
Serious Adverse Effects Requiring Immediate Attention
- Severe cardiovascular symptoms (significant hypertension, chest pain)
- Psychotic symptoms or hallucinations
- Severe allergic reactions
- Signs of cardiomyopathy (shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling)
Risk Factors for Increased Side Effects
- Higher doses tend to produce more pronounced side effects 4
- Young children may metabolize stimulants more slowly and may be more sensitive to side effects 4
- Pre-existing cardiovascular conditions increase risk of cardiovascular side effects 2
While most side effects are transient and diminish as treatment continues with proper medication management 5, it's important to note that Adderall is a Schedule II controlled substance with potential for abuse and dependence 4. Regular monitoring and follow-up are essential components of safe and effective treatment.