Differential Diagnosis for Swollen Tongue

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Angioedema: This condition is characterized by the rapid swelling of the tongue and other parts of the body, often due to an allergic reaction. It is a common cause of a swollen tongue and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Hypothyroidism: This condition can cause swelling of the tongue, as well as other symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and dry skin.
  • Vitamin deficiencies (e.g. vitamin B12 deficiency): Certain vitamin deficiencies can cause changes in the tongue, including swelling, redness, and soreness.
  • Medication side effects (e.g. anticonvulsants, antidepressants): Some medications can cause tongue swelling as a side effect.
  • Trauma: Injury to the tongue can cause swelling, pain, and difficulty speaking.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
  • Airway obstruction: A severely swollen tongue can obstruct the airway, leading to respiratory distress and potentially life-threatening complications.
  • Anaphylaxis: A severe allergic reaction can cause tongue swelling, as well as other symptoms such as difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, and a drop in blood pressure.
  • Infection (e.g. abscess, cellulitis): Bacterial or fungal infections can cause tongue swelling, pain, and fever.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Amyloidosis: A rare condition characterized by the deposition of abnormal proteins in the body, which can cause tongue swelling and other symptoms.
  • Sarcoidosis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation and swelling in various parts of the body, including the tongue.
  • Neurological disorders (e.g. multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease): Certain neurological conditions can cause changes in the tongue, including swelling, tremors, and difficulty speaking.