What complications are associated with Müllerian anomalies?

From the Guidelines

Müllerian anomalies are associated with several complications, including recurrent pregnancy loss, cervical incompetence, and synechiae in the endometrial cavity.

Complications of Müllerian Anomalies

• Recurrent pregnancy loss: Müllerian anomalies, such as fibroids or uterine malformations, can cause recurrent pregnancy loss due to abnormal implantation or poor uterine cavity environment 1.
• Cervical incompetence: Müllerian anomalies can also lead to cervical incompetence, which can cause preterm labor or pregnancy loss 1.
• Synechiae in the endometrial cavity: Synechiae, or adhesions, in the endometrial cavity can form due to Müllerian anomalies, leading to infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, or other complications 1.
• Ectopic pregnancy: While not directly mentioned in the provided evidence, Müllerian anomalies can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy due to abnormal fallopian tube anatomy or function.

Diagnosis and Imaging

Imaging techniques, such as MR hysterosalpingography (HSG) or transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), can be used to diagnose Müllerian anomalies and evaluate the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes 1.

Clinical Implications

It is essential to identify and manage Müllerian anomalies to prevent complications and improve reproductive outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach, including radiology, obstetrics, and gynecology, is necessary to diagnose and treat these anomalies effectively 1.

From the Research

Complications Associated with Müllerian Anomalies

• Infertility [(2,3,4,5,6)]
• Endometriosis [(2,6)]
• Urinary tract anomalies [(2,6)]
• Preterm delivery [(2,4)]
• Recurrent pregnancy loss [(3,4,6)]
• Obstructive symptoms 6
• Pelvic pain 3
• Adverse obstetrical outcomes [(3,4)]
• Congenital anomalies in offspring 2
• Need for cesarean sections [(2,4)]
• Reproductive complications [(4,5,6)]

Gynecological Complications

• Primary amenorrhea 3
• Vaginal stricture 2
• Rectal prolapses 2
• Pelvic adhesions 6

Obstetric Complications

• High risk of being genetically transmitted to offspring 2
• Adverse pregnancy outcomes [(3,4,6)]
• Preterm delivery [(2,4)]
• Recurrent pregnancy loss [(3,4,6)]