Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): This is the most common cause of vaginal odor, characterized by an imbalance of the normal vaginal flora, leading to an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. Symptoms include a fishy-smelling discharge, which is often more noticeable after sexual intercourse.

Vaginal Yeast Infection: Caused by Candida species, this infection can lead to a thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge and may have a yeasty odor. It's less likely to cause a strong odor compared to BV but is still a common condition.
Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It can cause a foul-smelling vaginal discharge, which may be greenish-yellow and frothy.
Poor Hygiene: Inadequate cleaning of the genital area can lead to the accumulation of sweat, bacteria, and dead skin cells, resulting in a bad odor.

Cervical Cancer: Although rare, advanced cervical cancer can cause a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. It's crucial to rule out this condition, especially in women who are not up to date with their cervical cancer screening.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): An infection of the female reproductive organs that can cause a foul odor, along with other symptoms like pelvic pain and fever. PID can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.
Foreign Body: A retained foreign body in the vagina, such as a forgotten tampon, can cause a strong, foul odor due to the accumulation of bacteria.

Desquamative Inflammatory Vaginitis (DIV): A rare condition characterized by a purulent vaginal discharge and a strong odor, often accompanied by vaginal pain and burning.
Vaginal Cancer: A rare type of cancer that can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding and discharge, which may have a foul odor.
Genitourinary Fistula: An abnormal connection between the vagina and another organ, such as the bladder or rectum, which can cause continuous leakage of urine or feces into the vagina, leading to a strong odor.