Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): This condition is characterized by pain on the lateral aspect of the elbow, which can be exacerbated by activities that involve supination, such as gripping and twisting motions. The pain is typically localized to the area where the lateral epicondyle meets the forearm extensor muscles.

Radial Head Fracture: Fractures of the radial head can cause pain with supination due to the involvement of the radius in this movement. This type of injury often occurs from a fall onto an outstretched hand.
Radial Tunnel Syndrome: This condition involves compression of the radial nerve and can cause pain in the back of the hand or the forearm, which may worsen with supination.
Olecranon Bursitis: Although more commonly associated with flexion, inflammation of the bursa at the elbow can sometimes cause pain with various movements, including supination, especially if the bursitis is severe or if there is associated arthritis.

Infectious Arthritis: While less common, infectious arthritis of the elbow can cause severe pain with any movement, including supination. It is crucial to consider this diagnosis due to its potential for serious complications if not promptly treated.
Osteonecrosis of the Radial Head: A condition where the blood supply to the radial head is compromised, leading to bone death. It can cause pain with movement, including supination, and is important to diagnose early to prevent further damage.

Galeazzi Fracture: A fracture of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. This injury can cause pain with supination due to the disruption of the normal forearm anatomy.
Elbow Osteochondritis Dissecans: A condition where a piece of cartilage and bone in the elbow joint becomes damaged, leading to pain and potentially locking or catching sensations with movement, including supination. It is more common in adolescents and young adults.