T max of Moxifloxacin
The T max (time to reach maximum concentration) of moxifloxacin is approximately 1-2 hours after oral administration. 1
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin demonstrates rapid absorption following oral administration with the following key pharmacokinetic parameters:
- T max (time to maximum concentration): 1-2 hours after oral administration 1
- C max (maximum concentration): Approximately 3.56 mg/L after a standard 400 mg oral dose 1
- Half-life: 8.2-15.1 hours in healthy individuals 1
- AUC (area under the curve): Approximately 37 mg × hour/L after a single dose 2
Factors Affecting Moxifloxacin Absorption
The absorption profile of moxifloxacin has several important clinical characteristics:
- Food effect: The rate and extent of absorption are not significantly affected by food intake 1
- Gastric pH: Elevated gastric pH does not significantly affect absorption 1
- Protein binding: Moxifloxacin binds weakly to plasma proteins 1
- Tissue penetration: Penetrates well into most tissues and fluid compartments, often achieving higher concentrations in tissues than in plasma 1
Special Population Considerations
The pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin remain relatively stable across different patient populations:
- Renal impairment: No significant effect on moxifloxacin pharmacokinetics, including T max 1
- Hepatic impairment: No significant effect on moxifloxacin pharmacokinetics, including T max 1
- Critically ill patients: May have altered pharmacokinetics with lower AUC values compared to healthy volunteers, though T max remains similar 3
Clinical Implications
Understanding the T max of moxifloxacin has important clinical implications:
- The rapid absorption (T max 1-2 hours) allows for quick attainment of therapeutic levels
- Once-daily dosing is sufficient due to the favorable pharmacokinetic profile 2
- No dosage adjustments are required for patients with renal or hepatic impairment 2
Comparison with Other Studies
While the T max of 1-2 hours is consistently reported, some variability exists in the literature:
- A bioequivalence study reported a median T max of 2 hours (range 0.25-6.00 hours) for the test product and 2.00 hours (range 0.25-8.00 hours) for the reference product 4
- In patients with severe sepsis or septic shock, pharmacokinetic parameters may be altered, though T max remains relatively consistent 3
Understanding the T max of moxifloxacin helps clinicians optimize dosing schedules and predict when peak antimicrobial activity will occur after administration.