From the Research
Introduction to Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease characterized by new-onset hypertension and end-organ dysfunction, often occurring after 20 weeks of gestation 1. It is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Diagnosis of Preeclampsia
The diagnosis of preeclampsia is based on the presence of hypertension and proteinuria, with or without multisystem dysfunction and fetal involvement 2. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy has refined the diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia, recognizing it as a complex, progressive, multisystem disorder with a highly variable presentation 3.
Risk Factors for Preeclampsia
Several risk factors have been identified for the development of preeclampsia, including:
Treatment and Management of Preeclampsia
The only known curative treatment for preeclampsia is termination of pregnancy, either through induction of delivery or cesarean section 1, 4. For women with mild preeclampsia in the preterm phase of pregnancy, expectant management is generally indicated to improve fetal maturity, often requiring maternal medical treatment 4. The management of preeclampsia focuses on the control of high blood pressure and the prevention of potential complications.
Complications and Long-term Consequences
Preeclampsia can have serious complications for both the mother and the fetus, including maternal and fetal mortality, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction 5. Women who have had preeclampsia are also at higher risk of developing long-term health issues, including cardiovascular disease 2.
Nursing Management and Care
Nursing management of preeclampsia involves close monitoring of the mother and fetus, as well as education and support to help women understand their condition and manage their symptoms 3. Healthcare providers should be aware of the potential risks and complications associated with preeclampsia and provide optimal long-term health surveillance for women who have had the condition.
Conclusion
Preeclampsia is a complex and potentially life-threatening condition that requires careful diagnosis, treatment, and management. Healthcare providers should be aware of the risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for preeclampsia, as well as the potential long-term consequences for women who have had the condition 1, 4, 2, 5, 3.