Differential Diagnosis for One Side Tongue Throat Swelling

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Angioedema: This condition is characterized by the rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. It can be caused by allergic reactions, genetic conditions, or certain medications. The swelling can be unilateral and affect the tongue and throat, making it a likely diagnosis for one-sided tongue and throat swelling.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Peritonsillar Abscess: This is a collection of pus behind the tonsils that can cause severe throat pain, swelling, and difficulty swallowing. It typically occurs on one side and can lead to swelling of the surrounding tissues, including the tongue and throat.
• Ludwig's Angina: This is a severe infection of the tissues in the neck, under the jaw, and on the floor of the mouth. It can cause swelling of the tongue and throat, often on one side, and can lead to airway obstruction if not treated promptly.
• Dental Abscess: A dental abscess can cause swelling and pain in the mouth, including the tongue and throat, especially if the abscess is located near the wisdom teeth or other areas that can affect these structures.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Epiglottitis: This is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the epiglottis — a small cartilage flap that covers the opening of the windpipe — becomes inflamed. It can cause severe swelling, which may lead to airway obstruction. Although it's less common, missing this diagnosis can be fatal.
• Cancer: Although rare, cancers of the tongue, throat, or surrounding tissues can cause unilateral swelling. Given the potential severity of cancer, it's crucial not to miss this diagnosis.

Rare Diagnoses

• Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome: This is a rare neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, often unilateral, facial paralysis or weakness, swelling of the face and lips (usually the upper lip), and the development of folds and furrows in the tongue (fissured tongue). It could potentially cause swelling that might be perceived as affecting one side of the tongue and throat.
• Sarcoidosis: This condition can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, lungs, and less commonly, the tissues of the mouth and throat. While rare, it could potentially lead to unilateral swelling in the tongue and throat area.