What is the diagnosis for a patient with a chest x-ray showing mild nonspecific bilateral perihilar ground-glass and reticulonodular opacities, more pronounced on the right, and physical exam findings of rales and wheezes at the Emergency Department (ED)?

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Last updated: March 11, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Acute bronchitis or viral pneumonia: The presence of mild nonspecific bilateral perihilar ground-glass and reticulonodular opacities on the chest x-ray, along with rales and wheezes on physical exam, suggests a respiratory infection. The symptoms are more pronounced on the right, which could indicate a localized infection.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Asthma exacerbation: The presence of wheezes on physical exam could indicate an asthma exacerbation, especially if the patient has a history of asthma.
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation: Similar to asthma, the presence of wheezes and rales could indicate a COPD exacerbation, especially in patients with a history of smoking or COPD.
    • Pulmonary edema: The ground-glass and reticulonodular opacities could be indicative of pulmonary edema, especially if the patient has a history of heart failure or other cardiac conditions.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP): Although less likely, PCP can present with similar symptoms and radiographic findings, especially in immunocompromised patients.
    • Influenza pneumonia: Influenza can cause severe pneumonia, especially in certain populations such as the elderly or those with underlying medical conditions.
    • Sarcoidosis: Although rare, sarcoidosis can present with similar radiographic findings and respiratory symptoms.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Lymphangitic carcinomatosis: A rare condition characterized by the spread of cancer to the lymphatic vessels in the lungs, which can cause similar radiographic findings.
    • Eosinophilic pneumonia: A rare condition characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs, which can cause similar respiratory symptoms and radiographic findings.
    • Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP): A rare condition characterized by the presence of organizing pneumonia in the lungs, which can cause similar respiratory symptoms and radiographic findings.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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