Differential Diagnosis for Low WBC, H&H, Platelets, and Lymphocytes
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Aplastic Anemia: This condition is characterized by a failure of the bone marrow to produce blood cells, leading to pancytopenia (low WBC, RBC, and platelets). The low lymphocyte count further supports this diagnosis, as aplastic anemia can affect all cell lines.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Viral Infections (e.g., HIV, EBV, CMV): Certain viral infections can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to low blood cell counts. HIV, in particular, can cause a decrease in lymphocytes.
- Chronic Diseases (e.g., Chronic Kidney Disease, Liver Disease): Chronic diseases can lead to bone marrow suppression and decreased blood cell production.
- Medication-Induced Bone Marrow Suppression: Certain medications, such as chemotherapy agents, can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to low blood cell counts.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock: In severe infections, the bone marrow can become suppressed, leading to low blood cell counts. This condition is life-threatening and requires prompt treatment.
- Leukemia or Lymphoma: Although less likely, these conditions can cause bone marrow suppression and low blood cell counts. Missing these diagnoses could have severe consequences.
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): DIC is a condition that can cause consumption of platelets and clotting factors, leading to low platelet counts and potentially affecting other cell lines.
Rare Diagnoses
- Fanconi Anemia: A rare genetic disorder that affects the bone marrow's ability to produce blood cells, leading to pancytopenia.
- Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder that affects the bone marrow, pancreas, and skeleton, leading to low blood cell counts.
- Dyskeratosis Congenita: A rare genetic disorder that affects the bone marrow, leading to low blood cell counts and other systemic symptoms.