Differential Diagnosis for Lymphadenopathy, Ascites, and Pleural Effusion
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Malignancy (e.g., Lymphoma, Metastatic Cancer): This is the most likely diagnosis due to the combination of lymphadenopathy, ascites, and pleural effusion, which are common manifestations of advanced cancer.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Tuberculosis: A common cause of lymphadenopathy and can also cause ascites and pleural effusion, especially in endemic areas.
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): An autoimmune disease that can cause lymphadenopathy, ascites, and pleural effusion due to its systemic nature.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Although less common, rheumatoid arthritis can cause lymphadenopathy and effusions, including pleural and peritoneal.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis: A condition where cancer spreads to the lymphatic vessels, causing lymphadenopathy and effusions. It's crucial to diagnose early due to its poor prognosis.
- HIV/AIDS: Infection with HIV can cause lymphadenopathy, and the immunocompromised state can lead to various opportunistic infections that may cause ascites and pleural effusion.
- Whipple's Disease: A rare bacterial infection that can cause lymphadenopathy, ascites, and pleural effusion, among other systemic symptoms. It's essential to consider due to its treatable nature.
Rare Diagnoses
- Castleman Disease: A rare disorder that can cause lymphadenopathy and may be associated with ascites and pleural effusion in its multicentric form.
- Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A rare, self-limiting condition that primarily causes lymphadenopathy but can occasionally be associated with systemic symptoms.
- Sarcoidosis: Although it commonly causes lymphadenopathy, sarcoidosis can also lead to ascites and pleural effusion in rare cases, particularly in those with advanced disease.