What is the cause of a small, painful, purple mass in the anal region?

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Last updated: March 12, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for a Small Purple Ball in the Anus

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Hemorrhoid: This is the most likely diagnosis given the description of a small purple ball in the anus, which is consistent with an external hemorrhoid. The associated pain is also typical for a thrombosed external hemorrhoid.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Anal tag or skin tag: This could be a small, benign growth that might appear purple due to its vascular nature. However, it typically wouldn't cause significant pain unless it becomes irritated or thrombosed.
    • Anal fissure with associated hematoma: While an anal fissure itself might not appear as a "ball," an associated hematoma could present in this manner, especially if it's small and localized.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Rectal cancer: Although rare and less likely given the acute presentation, any new anal or rectal mass should prompt consideration of malignancy, especially in older adults or those with risk factors.
    • Anal melanoma: This is a rare but aggressive form of cancer that could present as a pigmented lesion in the anal area. Early detection is crucial for treatment outcomes.
    • Thrombosed or infected anal gland cyst: These can present as painful, swollen masses near the anus and require prompt medical attention to prevent serious complications like abscess formation.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Angioma or vascular malformation: These are rare vascular lesions that could appear as purple masses due to their nature. They are typically congenital but can become apparent at any age.
    • Dermatological conditions (e.g., angiokeratoma, pyogenic granuloma): Certain skin conditions can cause lesions that might resemble a small purple ball, though they are less common in the anal area.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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