Differential Diagnosis for Swollen Lymph Nodes, Sore Throat, Cough, Loss of Appetite, and Ascites
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Tuberculosis (TB): This diagnosis is considered the most likely due to the combination of symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, cough, and loss of appetite, which are classic for TB. Ascites, although less common, can occur in abdominal TB, which affects the peritoneum and can lead to fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Lymphoma: Both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can present with swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and systemic symptoms like loss of appetite. While less common, lymphoma can also cause ascites if there is significant abdominal involvement.
- Mononucleosis (Mono): Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), mono can lead to sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and loss of appetite. Although ascites is not a typical presentation, severe cases can involve the liver and spleen, potentially leading to fluid accumulation.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- HIV/AIDS: It's crucial not to miss HIV/AIDS, as it can present with a wide range of symptoms including swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and loss of appetite due to opportunistic infections or the disease itself. Ascites can occur in the context of advanced disease affecting the liver or due to opportunistic infections like tuberculosis.
- Malignancy (e.g., Metastatic Cancer): Certain cancers, especially those originating from the abdomen (like ovarian cancer), can cause ascites and also lead to systemic symptoms and lymphadenopathy. Missing a diagnosis of cancer can have severe consequences.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Sarcoidosis: This is a rare disease that can affect multiple parts of the body, including the lungs, lymph nodes, and liver, potentially leading to the symptoms described. However, ascites is an uncommon manifestation.
- Castleman Disease: A rare disorder that involves an overgrowth of cells in the body's lymph nodes, which can lead to swollen lymph nodes, fever, and weight loss. Ascites can occur in the multicentric form of the disease, which is more aggressive and can involve multiple organ systems.